ESpain, ukuba khona kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni Ikhuphuke isuka ku-11% yaya ku-32% yokudla kwekhalori cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okubeka izwe phakathi kwalezo eziye zasheshisa kakhulu lolu shintsho lwezokudla eYurophu, oluxhunywe ukukhuphuka kokudla okusheshayo.
Uchungechunge olukhethekile oluvela kujenali yesayensi i-Lancet, ekhiqizwe ngu Ochwepheshe abangama-43 kwezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokudlaIxwayisa ngokuthi le phethini isusa ukudla okusha futhi ikhubaza ikhwalithi yokudla iyonke, kanye nemithelela yezempilo edinga impendulo ehlelekile yokulawula.
ISpain, phakathi kwezindawo ezikhula ngokushesha
Izilinganiso zisuselwe kuzinhlolovo zokutholwa kwemizi ezenziwe ngaphakathi I-1990, i-2000 ne-2010Lezi zibalo zisetshenziswa njengereferensi lapho amarekhodi okusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye engatholakali; ngokuthambekela okuphawuliwe, ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi isabelo samanje singaba okukhulu nakakhulu.
Phakathi kwamazwi eSpanishi ochungechungeni, okulandelayo kuyagqama: UMaira Bes-Rastrollo (University of Navarra) kanye URenata Bertazzi (exhunywe neNyuvesi yaseSalamanca kanye ne-IBSAL), eveza ukuthi inqubekelaphambili yale mikhiqizo isiyabonakala ubhasikidi wokuthenga futhi emikhubeni yansuku zonke, ukuyekethisa iphethini yokudla yaseMedithera.
Kuyini ngempela ukudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed?
Lezi yizimboni eziklanyelwe buyisela ukudla okuphelele, eyenziwe ngezithako ezibiza kancane (isibonelo, ama-protein isolates, i-glucose noma i-fructose syrups, amafutha e-hydrogenated) kanye nezithako zezimonyo Zithuthukisa ukunambitheka, umbala, noma ukuthungwa. ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukondleka kwayo.
Indlela esebenzayo yokuwabona ukuhlola uhlu lwezithako nokusebenzisa amathuluzi ukuze bala okuqukethwe ushukela ekudlenifuthi uthole izimpawu ezifana ama-emulsifiers, ama-sweeteners, ama-flavour enhancers noma imibala, kanye nezinhlanganisela zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezingajwayelekile ekuphekeni kwasekhaya (isb., maltodextrin, casein, whey protein, high fructose corn isiraphu).
Imiphumela yezempilo: lokho okubonisa ubufakazi
Ukubuyekezwa kweThe Lancet kuhlanganisa izifundo ezilandelanayo ezingaphezu kwe-100 futhi kuthola ukuhlobana okungaguquki phakathi kokudla okuphezulu kokudla okugaywe kakhulu kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokugula. ukukhuluphala, uhlobo 2 sikashukela, izifo zenhliziyo, ukucindezelekaizinkinga zezinso kanye ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ezinye zezifundo ezicashuniwe zichaza ukwanda kwengozi okuthi, kuye ngomphumela, ifinyelele emazingeni abalulekile (isibonelo, kuze kufike ku-18% ngaphezulu kokufa phakathi kwabathengi abakhulu, futhi ukwanda kwezehlakalo ze-cardiometabolic noma zokugaya ukudla). Izixhumanisi ezingenzeka ne- i-microbiota yamathumbu kanye nomlomo, umugqa osebenzayo wocwaningo emaqenjini eSpanishi.
Ababhali bayaqaphela ukuthi ubufakazi obuningi bukhona okubukayo futhi sivume isidingo sezivivinyo ezilawulwa kakhulu ukuze kucaciswe imbangela; nokho, amandla nokuvumelana kokutholwe kusekela ukuphuthuma kwe ukusebenza ngezinqubomgomo zomphakathi.
Izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo: ukusuka ekulebeni kuya ezintela
Iphakethe lezincomo lihlanganisa a ukulebula ngaphambili lokho kukhomba ngokucacile ukudla okugaywe kakhulu kanye nezithasiselo zakho, imikhawulo eqinile ku ukukhangisa okuqondiswe kwabancane, kanye nokususwa kwale mikhiqizo ezindaweni zokudlela zesikole, ezibhedlela nakwezinye izikhungo zikahulumeni.
Kuhlongozwa futhi ukuthi kube nomkhawulo wayo ukuboniswa ezitolo ezinkulu futhi usebenzise izintela ezithile, ukwaba imali engenayo ekwenzeni ukufinyelela kungabizi izithelo, imifino kanye nokudla okusha emakhaya anezinsiza ezimbalwa, ngokuhambisana neziqondiso ze-WHO kanye ne-FAO.
Ngesikhathi kwethulwa uchungechunge, umcwaningi UCamila Corvalán Uveze ukuthi ukuthenga ukudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed angeke kube lula noma kushibhe kunokukhetha okunempilo, egcizelela indima ye izinkuthazo zentela ukulinganisa kabusha ukukhetha.
Iqhaza lezimboni kanye nezimakethe
Lo mbiko uchaza umkhakha onenzuzo enkulu, lapho ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kulinganiselwa ngaphezulu Izigidigidi ezingu-1,9 zamaRandi, okushayela ukusetshenziswa ngokumaketha okunamandla, imiklamo edonsa amehlo, kanye nethonya lezombusazwe, ukufinyelela imithetho ye-block noma ukubumba inkulumo-mpikiswano yomphakathi.
Ngedatha eqhathanisekayo evela Amazwe we-93I-consortium iphawula ukwanda okusabalele kokudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed; ISpain iphakathi kwamazwe akhula ngokushesha kakhulu, kuyilapho kwezinye izimakethe ezivuthiwe isabelo sesivele sidlula isigamu kilojoule.
ISpain: indawo yokuthuthukiswa kanye nethuba
Amaqembu aseSpain ahilelekile aphikelela ekubuyiseni iphethini ye Ukudla kwaseMedithera futhi ihambisane nezinqubomgomo ezididiyelwe ezinciphisa ukuchayeka kwabantu kule mikhiqizo, ngaphandle kwentando yomuntu.
Phakathi kwezinto eziseqhulwini, ochwepheshe bahlongoza ukwenza inqubekela phambili ku ukulebula okucacileukunciphisa ingcindezi yezohwebo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinsiza zomphakathi (izikole, izibhedlela, izikhungo zomphakathi) zihlinzekwa kakhulu [ngokungacacile/okungacacile - okungenzeka "komphakathi" noma "umphakathi"]. ukudla okushakanye nezinyathelo zentela ezenza kube lula ukufinyelela kuzo.
Indikimba yobufakazi neziphakamiso zidweba isithombe lapho España Ingaqukatha ukukhuphuka kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu uma ihlanganisa izenzo ezilawulayo, ezifundisayo nezindawo zokudla, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wokuhlola okuqhubekayo kwesayensi ukuze kucoliswe ukungenelela.
Ngokudla kwansuku zonke okunikeza ithuba lokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, izwe libhekene nenselelo yezempilo nenhlalo: ukuqukatha ukusetshenziswa okuphindeke kathathu futhi uqinise ukutholakala kokudla kwangempela, ukuncika kwisayensi, izinqubomgomo eziklanywe kahle kanye nendawo eyenza kube lula ukukhetha okungcono.