Umphakathi wesayensi ukuqinisekisile ukufa kokuqala okubangelwa i-alpha-gal syndromeUkungezwani nenyama yezilwane ezincelisayo okubangelwa ukulunywa umkhaza. Leli cala, elaphenywa izinyanga futhi lenziwa obala ngongoti baseNyuvesi yaseVirginia, liphinde labeka obala ku isimo esingaziwa kodwa esingaba bucayi.
Ngokombiko womtholampilo, othintekayo ngowesilisa oneminyaka engu-47 ubudala Waba nokusabela okubi ngemva kwamahora edle inyama ebomvuOkutholakele, kubuyekezwe ochwepheshe futhi kwashicilelwa ku-Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, kukhombisa amazinga egazi ahambisana i-anaphylaxis enzima kanye nokuzwela okuqondile ku-alpha-gal, i-molecule kashukela etholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo.
Kwenzekeni
Uphenyo lwakha kabusha iziqephu ezimbili ezibalulekile: okokuqala, ngesikhathi sohambo lomndeni lokukhempa, ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa Inyama yenkomo yayizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isifo sohudo, nokuhlanza. phakathi kobusuku; waba ngcono ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha. Ngemva kwamasonto, wadla i-hamburger ntambama futhi, cishe amahora amane kamuvaUtholwe equlekile endlini yokugezela.
Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu sokuqala kwahlukanisa icala ngokuthi ukufa kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobalaKodwa ukuhlaziya okwalandela kwamasampula egazi kwembula izinkomba ezimbili eziwumnqamulajuqu: amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-tryptase, ahambisana Ukushaqeka kwe-Anaphylactic, kanye namasosha omzimba e-IgE ngokumelene ne-alpha-gal.
Umndeni ubike ukuthi le ndoda ayikhumbuli ukuthi ilunywe imikhaza muva nje wayenezilonda ezilumayo eziyishumi nambili emaqakaleni okuthiwa abangelwa “izibungu” ehlobo. Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi, empumalanga ye-US, Lezo zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyizibungu zomkhaza wenkanyezi eyodwa. (Amblyomma americanum), uhlobo oluyinhloko oluxhunywe nesifo se-alpha-gal.
Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi izici ezithile zingase zenze lesi simo sibe sibi: umsebenzi womzimba ngemva kokudla kanye nokuphuzwa kotshwala, izakhi ezimbili ezandisa ukumuncwa kwezinto ezingezwani nomzimba futhi ezingase zibangele ukusabela okubi kakhulu.
Icala laqinisekiswa yi-allergist Thomas Platts-Mills, isiphathimandla samazwe ngamazwe se-syndrome, esixhumanise ukuhlolwa kwe-serological futhi sabhala ngokuhlanganyela ukushicilelwa nethimba elivela eNyuvesi yaseVirginia.
Iyini i-alpha-gal syndrome?
I-Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) iyi-a Ukungezwani komzimba ne-IgE esebenza ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza futhi iqwashise amasosha omzimba ku-alpha-gal, i-oligosaccharide ekhona enyameni Inyama yenkomo, ingulube, iwundlu, umdlalo neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane ezincelisayo.
Esinye isici esenza kube nzima ukutholwa kwayo yi- izimpawu ezibambezelekileIzimpawu zivame ukuvela phakathi kwamahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-6 ngemva kokudla ukudla, ngokungafani nokungezwani nokudla okuningi, okusabela ngemizuzu.
Izimo zisukela kokuncane kuye kwezinzima: isicanucanu, amajaqamba esiswini, uhudo, isifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ama-Hives angahlotshaniswa nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene (bona ukudla okubangela isifuba) futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-WMS ingaguqukela ekubeni i-anaphylaxis esongela ukuphila uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle kwenyama, abanye abantu bayasabela imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amaningi (okufana no-ayisikhilimu noma ama-milkshakes) nama-gelatins emvelaphi yezilwane ezincelisayo, okudinga ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kokudla (bona Ukudla okunconyiwe ukunciphisa amazinga e-histamine).
E-United States, izimo eziningi zihlotshaniswa ne umkhaza wenkanyezi eyodwaukuthuthuka kwawo ngokwendawo kuxhumene nokwanda kwezinyamazane nobusika obufudumele.
Ubani osengozini nokuthi angayibona kanjani
Ukuchayeka okuvame kakhulu kwenzeka kubantu abane impilo yangaphandle (ukuqwala izintaba, ukuzingela, ukulima) futhi kungathinta izinganeNokho, ukuhlolwa akudingekile ngaphandle uma izimpawu zivela ngemva kokudla imikhiqizo encelisayo.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuqapha izimpawu ezifana ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu, ukulunywa kwesikhumba, noma isifuba ezivela emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokudla inyama ebomvu noma imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha. Uma zihambisana nomlando wokulunywa komkhaza, Kuyancomeka ukuthi uxhumane nokuhlolwa kwe-alpha-gal IgE (futhi ubuyekeze kanjani khetha ukudla ngaphandle kokucasuka ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla).
Kunenselelo ebalulekile yolwazi: ngokombiko we-CDC ka-2023, i U-42% wodokotela ubengakezwa ngayo ye-syndrome, futhi ama-35% avuma ukuzethemba okuncane ekuxilongeni noma ekwelapheni, okuvumela ukuxilonga.
Iziphathimandla zezempilo zase-US zilinganisela lokho amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu Kungenzeka ukuthi bathintekile kusukela ngo-2010, ngokugxila ezindaweni lapho umkhaza usungulwa khona, nakuba iphethini ukwandisa.
Ukuzwela kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma... vimbela ezinye izintinyeloFuthi kuneziguli ezithuthukayo ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, kodwa izifundo ziyaguquguquka futhi zidinga ukulandelelwa.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nendlela yomtholampilo
Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ku- umlando wezokwelapha ohambisanayo (ukusabela ukubambezeleka ngemva kokudla imikhiqizo yezilwane ezincelisayo) kanye nasekutholeni izivivinyo zaselabhorethri I-IgE ngokumelene ne-alpha-galEzimweni ezinzima, izimpawu ezifana ne-tryptase zisekela ukuxilongwa kwe-anaphylaxis.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa yi- ukugwema okuqinile inyama yesilwane esincelisayo kanye nezinto eziphuma engozini enkulu (imiphumela yokuyeka inyama), ngemfundo yezokudla kanye nokufunda ilebula ngokucophelela; ezinye iziguli nazo zidinga i-adrenaline auto-injector uma kwenzeka i-anaphylaxis.
Ongoti baveza ukuthi i utshwala nokuzivocavoca Izinto ezisondelene nesikhathi sokumunca zingaqinisa ukusabela. Ukuhlonza kanye nokunciphisa lezi cofactor kuyasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yeziqephu ezinzima.
Ngokombono wokunakekelwa, amaqembu omtholampilo kufanele sola SGA lapho kukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isifuba, noma izimpawu zesistimu eziqubuka amahora ambalwa ngemva kokudla inyama ebomvu, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezivezwe imikhaza.
Ababhali becala banxusa ukuthi kuqiniswe i ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kanye nokuxhumana nenani labantu, uma kubhekwa ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo kokuchayeka kukho izinguquko zemvelo kanye nesimo sezulu.
Ukuvimbela kanye nomongo eSpain naseYurophu
Isinyathelo esisebenza kahle kakhulu ukugwema ukulunywa umkhaza: ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezigunyaziweIzingubo ezinemikhono emide ezinemibala ekhanyayo ensimini, amabhulukwe afakwe emasokisini, nokuhlolwa kahle kwesikhumba ngemva kwemisebenzi yangaphandle.
Uma umkhaza utholwa unamathiselwe, kuhle ukuwususa. ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngama-tweezers amahleDonsa ngobumnene ngaphandle kokusonta futhi uhlanze indawo; kuhle ukuqaphela usuku nokuqapha ukubukeka kwezimpawu emasontweni alandelayo.
Nakuba icala elihlaziywe livela e-USA, i-alpha-gal syndrome Kuye kwachazwa naseYurophu.E-Spain, ngokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhaza ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha, izincomo zokuvimbela kanye ukubonisana kusenesikhathi Zisebenza ngokulinganayo ezimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Ukunwetshwa kwemikhaza kububanzi obusha kuhlobene ubusika obupholile kanye nezinguquko ezilwaneni zasendle, yingakho iziphathimandla nemiphakathi yesayensi ibuza ukwanda kokuqapha kanye nokuqwashisa.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokufa kokuqala okuvela ku-GAS kugcizelela isidingo soku qaphela iphethini yezimpawu ezibambezelekile, hlola ukuchayeka komkhaza kwakamuva futhi uthuthukise ukuqeqeshwa komtholampilo gwema imiphumela engathi sína ekwaleni okuyi-atypical njengoba kunganakwa.
