Ni Awekho amakhukhi, awekho amakhekhe agayiwe, awekho ukudla okulula okunosawoti, futhi azikho iziphuzo ezinoshukela njengomnikelo ojwayelekile emathileyi ezingane. UHulumeni usenqume ukuthatha elinye igxathu esu lakhe lokulwa nokudla okungenamsoco futhi usememezele lokho Ukudla okugayiwe kakhulu kuzonyamalala kumamenyu ezingane ezibhedlela kanye nezipesheli eziqondiswe ezinganeni ezisezindaweni zokudlela nasezindlini zokudlela zalezi zikhungo.
Isilinganiso, esizovezwa ngokusebenzisa a Umthetho wasebukhosini ngokudla okunempilo ezibhedlela nasezindlini zokunakekelwaIzogxila emizamweni yayo ezinganeni ezisesibhedlela kanye nentsha, kodwa futhi amamenyu ezingane avulekele umphakathiIziphathimandla ziphikelela ngokuthi inhloso akukhona ukwenza amademoni imikhiqizo ethile, kodwa ukusungula imingcele eqinile ezakhiweni ezibalulekile (amafutha agcwele, ushukela kanye nosawoti) ukunciphisa ubukhona bokudla okunezinga eliphansi lokudla okunomsoco endaweni okufanele, ngokunengqondo, kube yisibonelo ngokwezempilo.
Yiziphi izinguquko kumamenyu ezingane ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile?
Umthetho omusha wasebukhosini, namanje esigabeni sokuthuthukiswaLokhu kuzophawula uguquko endleleni izingane zondliwa ngayo ezikhungweni zezempilo. Umbhalo uyakubeka lokho Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kokwakhiwa kwezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi zingafakwa kumamenyu ezingane nentsha eyamukelwayo, kokubili emakamelweni nasezindlini zokudlela zangaphakathi.
Leyo mikhiqizo nge Izithako ezicutshungulwe kakhulu, izithasiselo, kanye namaphrofayili okudla okunomsocoOkusho ukuthi, ngamazinga aphezulu amafutha agcwele, ushukela, noma usawoti. Ukuqondisa ukukhetha kwezinye izindlela, kunezinsiza ezitholakalayo indlela yokukhetha ukudla ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezingasiza ekuhleleni kabusha nasekuthengeni izinketho ezinempilo.
Leyo mikhiqizo nge Izithako ezicutshungulwe kakhulu, izithasiselo, kanye namaphrofayili okudla okunomsocoOkusho ukuthi, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele, ushukela, noma usawoti. Empeleni, lokhu kuzosho ukususwa kwengxenye enkulu ye- ukudla okulula okunosawoti, amakhekhe asezimbonini, iziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela noma amakhukhi asezimbonini asavela emathreyini nasezincwadini zezingane.
Umkhawulo ngeke ukhawulelwe ekudleni okufika esitshalweni. Kuzosebenza naku... izingxenye zemenyu yezingane emakhefi nasezindlini zokudlela ezivulekele umphakathi ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwezibhedlela nasezindlini zabahlengikazi. Umqondo uwukugwema “ukungaguquguquki,” ngokwamazwi kahulumeni, wesikhala esinikezelwe ekwelapheni ukugula njalo esihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehambisana nengozi enkulu yezifo ezimbi kakhulu.
Imithombo yoMnyango iyakucacisa lokho Ngeke kube khona uhlu lokudla "okunqatshelwe" ngohlobo noma isigabakodwa kunalokho imingcele ecacile yezakhamzimba le mikhiqizo akumele idlule. Ngokombono, izinguqulo ezenziwe kabusha, nge iphrofayili engcono yokudla okunempiloAngaqhubeka nokunikezwa uma ehlangabezana nemibandela. Lokhu kuhloswe ngakho ukukhuthaza imboni ukuthi ithuthukise ezinye izindlela ezinempilo.
Ububanzi bomthethonqubo buzoba kabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, i izingane ezilaliswe esibhedlela kanye nentshaNgakolunye uhlangothi, i- izindawo zokuhlala zabantu abadalalapho inhloso futhi kuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamenyu asondele kakhulu emaphethini okudla okunempilo, okunezidumba eziningi, imifino nezinhlanzi kanye nemikhiqizo egayiwe kancane.
Esinye isinyathelo esibheke ezindaweni zokudlela zesikole ezinempilo
Izinga lesikhathi esizayo alidaliwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Isebenzisa ulwazi lwakamuva oluvela Isinqumo Sasebukhosini mayelana namaHholo Okudlela Ezikole Ezinempilo NesimemeUmthethonqubo, owagunyazwa ngo-Ephreli, usuvele ukushintshile ukudla kwesikole. Yagunyaza ukuthi ukudla kwesikole kulandele izincomo ze I-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye ne-Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), ikhawulela izitsha eziphekwe ngaphambilini njengokudla okunesinkwa, ama-croquette noma ama-pizza kanye ngenyanga kanye nokuvimbela amakhekhe ezimboni neziphuzo ezinoshukela emakhefi nasemishinini yokuthengisa.
Umthetho omusha wasebukhosini ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile "uzolandela ezinyathelweni" zalolo hlaka lwesikolekodwa yajwayela umkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Umgomo uwukusungula ubuncane bemibandela yekhwalithi nokudla okunomsoco esebenza njengereferensi yenkontileka, ukuthengwa, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokudla kuzo zonke lezi zikhungo. Ngamanye amazwi, imithetho evamile yegeyimu eqondisa ukucaciswa kokudla, setha amamenyu, nezinketho zokudlela.
Empeleni, lokhu kuzohumushela ku Amamenyu ezingane anokutholakala okukhulu kwemifino, imifino emisha, izithelo, okusanhlamvu nezinhlanzi kanye nokuncika kancane emikhiqizweni yasezimbonini ephekwe ngaphambilini nephila isikhathi eside; i umhlahlandlela wezindlela zokupheka ngaphandle kokudla okwenziwe nge-ultra-processed Inikeza imibono esebenzayo yalolo shintsho.
Isilinganiso siphinde sisekelwe yi-a ukuvumelana okubanzi kwezesayensi nezenhlaloIzinhlangano zochwepheshe, izinhlangano zeziguli, izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezakhamizi bekuneminyaka begxeka inala yokudla okugayiwe kakhulu emishinini yokuthengisa nezindawo zokudlela ezikhungweni zezempilo kanye nemithetho efuna ukuletha ukuhleleka kule ndawo ebucayi kakhulu.
Ukukhuluphala kwezingane kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu: umongo wezempilo eSpain
Isimemezelo somthetho wenkosi senziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe Uhlelo lokusheshisa lokumisa ukukhuluphalaLolu hlelo lukhuthazwa ngokuhlanganyela uMnyango Wezempilo kanye ne-WHO. ISpain iqokwe njengenye ye Amazwe ayinkomba angama-34 ekulweni nokukhuluphala kwezingane, inkinga uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, uMónica García, ayichaza ngokuthi "enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele."
Idatha isekela ukukhathazeka. Ngokusho kwe-WHO kanye ne-Spanish National Health Survey, izwe libalwa phakathi kwe Izifundazwe zaseYurophu ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhuluphala ngokweqile kwezingane nokukhuluphalaEmhlabeni jikelele, eqenjini leminyaka engu-5-19, cishe i-20% yezingane ikhuluphele ngokweqile, futhi iSpain ihambisana namazwe aseMedithera abhalisa izibalo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ungqongqoshe ugcizelela ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuphela "isihloko se-iceberg"Ngezansi kukhona izinqumo zenhlalo yezempilonjengokufinyelela okungalingani kokudla okunempilo, ukungavikeleki kwezomnotho, noma ukuntuleka kwezindawo ezanele zokuzivivinya. Ngakho-ke ukugcizelelwa kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi okufanele zidlule izincomo zomuntu ngamunye futhi ziguqule indawo yokudla lapho abancane behamba khona.
Lesi yisimo lapho i- Uhlelo Lwesu Likazwelonke Lokunciphisa Ukukhuluphala Kwezingane (PENROI)Uhlelo olubandakanya izinkonzo eziyi-18 futhi oluhlanganisa izindlela ezingaphezu kuka-200 zokuxazulula inkinga ngezindlela eziningi: imfundo, intela, ukuhlela amadolobha, ukukhangisa, kanye, vele, Ukudla ezikoleni nasezikhungweni zezempilo.
Idatha yakamuva kakhulu evela ocwaningweni lwe-ALADINO ikhomba ku-a ngcono kancane: ukuncishiswa kwe-cishe kuboniwe Amaphesenti angu-4,5 amaphuzu ekwandeni kokukhuluphala ngokweqile kwezingane. Nokho, uHulumeni ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuthi igebe lezenhlalo nezomnotho Kuhlala kuphawuleka kakhulu: phakathi kwemindeni enemali engenayo engaphansi kwama-euro ayi-18.000 ngonyaka, isisindo eseqile ezinganeni sisondele ku-48%, kanti emakhaya anama-euro angaphezu kuka-30.000 cishe angama-29%.
Iqhaza lokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwaseSpain
Isinqumo sokuthatha isinyathelo mayelana namamenyu asesibhedlela asikwazi ukuqondwa ngaphandle kokucabangela okwenzekile ngokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwaseSpain. ukuhlaziya okubanzi okushicilelwe kuThe Lancet, ehlanganisa izifundo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zamazwe ngamazwe, iphetha ngokuthi eSpain Ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo kuphindwe kathathu. Emashumini amabili eminyaka: asukile ekumeleleni cishe u-11% wamakholori atholwe imindeni aya cishe ku-32%.
Lokhu kwanda kugqame kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe asizungezilenjengase-Italy noma ePortugal, lapho isabelo sokudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed singafinyeleli ku-25%. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, iSpain yayiseduze namazwe afana neNingizimu Korea, ngokuba khona okulingene kakhulu kwale mikhiqizo; namuhla iku-a indawo ephakathi nendawo ephezulu, ngenhla kwamazwe afana ne-Argentina, i-Mexico noma i-Brazil ngokwephesenti lamakholori avela ekudleni okugayiwe kakhulu.
Umsebenzi we-Lancet kanye nemibiko evela ku-WHO kanye ne-UNICEF ichaza ukuthi ukudla okugaywe kakhulu kuhambe kanjani ukususa ukudla okusha nokugaywe kancanekuhlanganise nokudla kwendabuko kwaseMedithera. Amandla aqhuba lolu shintsho, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngokomnotho ngokuyinhloko: imboni iyaguquka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezishibhile njengommbila, ukolweni, ubhontshisi wesoya, noma amafutha esundu emikhiqizweni ekhangayo, emnandi futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, enenzuzo kakhulu kwezohwebo.
Nokho, ngokombono wezempilo, ibhalansi incane kakhulu enhle. ukudla njalo okugaywe nge-ultra-processed iye yahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yoku ukukhuluphala, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-dyslipidemia, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, isifo sika-Crohn, ukucindezeleka, ngisho nokufa okuyimbangelaAbabhali be-macro-analysis bakhuluma ngokukhululekile "ngosongo olukhulayo" empilweni yomphakathi.
Ochwepheshe ababalulwe kulezi zifundo bafuna ohulumeni ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zesakhiwo: ukunciphisa ukuba khona kwabo ezikoleni nasezibhedlelathuthukisa ukulebula—kuhlanganise nezixwayiso ezifana nalezo zikagwayi—, khawula ukukhangisa okuhloselwe izingane, futhi kuqalise izintela ezithile inzuzo yazo izosetshenziselwa ukwehlisa intengo yezithelo, imifino nokunye ukudla okunempilo emindenini enezinsiza ezimbalwa.
Yini ethathwa njengokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu nokuthi yini ezovinjelwa
Ngaphansi kwesambulela "sokudla okucutshungulwa kakhulu" kwehla izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo, kusukela ama-nuggets, amakhekhe agayiwe noma iziphuzo ezithambile ezinoshukela ngisho namayogathi athile anoshukela, okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni, noma amakhukhi abonakala engenacala. Isici esivamile ukuthi banjalo amalungiselelo ezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbingezithako eziningi, ngokuvamile ezingabonakali kumthengi ojwayelekile.
UMnyango ucacisa ukuthi ukugxila kwesinqumo sobukhosi kuzoba kuleyo mikhiqizo nge ukwakhiwa kwezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi, izithako ezicutshunguliwe kanye nezithasiselo, ophrofayili yakhe yezokudla okunempilo igqama ngokuthi a okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha agcwele, ushukela wamahhala noma usawotiNgamanye amazwi, akukhona nje noma yikuphi ukudla okugayiwe okuzoqondiswa, kodwa kuphela lokho okuhlangabezana nemibandela embalwa yekhwalithi engeyinhle yokondleka.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke amakhukhi, ijusi, noma imikhiqizo yokuthengisa izonyamalala ematreyini asesibhedlela. Umqondo uwukusungula ubuningi bokudla okunomsoco ezidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha noma ukushintshwa kwalezo zihloko ezeqayo. Ngakho, ayengagcinwa izinguqulo ezinoshukela omncane, usawoti omncane, noma i-fiber eyengeziweinqobo nje uma bethobela imikhawulo emisiwe.
Le ndlela iphinde yethulwe ngokuthi a isikhuthazo embonini yokudlaUma ifuna ukuhlala iqhudelana ezinkontilekeni zikahulumeni zezibhedlela, amakhaya asebekhulile, noma izikole, kuyodingeka ivumelanise amabhidi ayo ukuze ivumelane nezindinganiso ezidinga kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu lapho izinyathelo ezifanayo ziye zamukelwa, a ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo wemikhiqizo eminingi yezingane.
Uhulumeni uyagcizelela ukuthi ukuzimela kwesiguli nomndeniLabo abafisa ukudla lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo bebodwa basazokwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Okushintshile ukuthi uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokwalo ngeke lusalunikeza ngendlela ehlelekile. amamenyu aklanywe isikhungoikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngabantu abasengozini njengezingane.
Impilo yomphakathi, ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nokushintshela ezindaweni ezinempilo
Izikhulu ezibhekelela Amalungelo Ezenhlalakahle Nezempilo zithi ukukhishwa kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu kumamenyu ezingane akusona isigameko nje, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esengeziwe isu elibanzi lezempilo yomphakathi kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahleUPablo Bustinduy uchaze ukusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwale mikhiqizo ngokuthi "usongo oluhlelekile empilweni yomphakathi, ukulingana kanye nokusimama kwemvelo".
Esinye sezici ezigcizelelwa kakhulu yilesi ingxenye yenhlalo yokukhuluphalaIzibalo zibonisa ukuthi izingane eziphuma emindenini ehola kancane zichayeka kakhulu ezindaweni zokudla okungenampilo, lapho imikhiqizo eshibhile, egaywe kakhulu yanda futhi ukuthola ukudla okusha, okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, indawo nesimo somnotho umuntu azalelwa kuso kunendima enkulu. ithonya kakhulu amathuba ezempilo kukho konke ukuphila.
KuHulumeni kanye ne-WHO, Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zinesibopho ukudala izindawo lapho ukukhetha okunempilo kunengqondo, kulula, futhi kuthengeka. Yingakho kuthathwa izinyathelo ezindaweni zokudlela zesikole, amamenyu ezibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile, nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, ezibhekwa njengezindawo ezibalulekile ezincomweni zamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ekudleni okugayiwe kakhulu.
Izingxabano zesayensi zakamuva ziye zaze zafinyelela ezingeni lokuqhathanisa amasu we imboni enkulu yokudla eyake yasetshenziswa imboni kagwayiUkumaketha okunolaka, ingcindezi yokulawula, kanye nemikhankaso yokutshala ukungabaza ngobufakazi besayensi kuphakathi kwezinto ezibangela le nkinga. Izifundo zihlaziya izinkampani ezibalula njenge-Nestlé, PepsiCo, Danone, Ferrero, Kraft Heinz, kanye ne-Coca-Cola njengabadlali abakhulu emakethe yokudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kulesi simo, izinqubomgomo ezikhawulela ukuba khona kwale mikhiqizo ezindaweni ezingokomfanekiso njengoba izibhedlela zihunyushwa ngokuthi umyalezo wezepolitiki nezempiloUhlelo lwezempilo alukwazi ukungathathi hlangothi ekudleni okunokwanda okuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezigwemeka.
Njengoba umthetho omusha usukhona, isu likaHulumeni selixhumene izigigaba ezimbalwaUkulawulwa kwezindawo zokudlela zesikole, ukugqugquzelwa kohlelo lukazwelonke lokulwa nokukhuluphala kwezingane, futhi manje, ukususwa kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu kumamenyu ezingane ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile. Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yomthetho isadinga ukuphothulwa, kodwa isiqondiso sicacile: ukunciphisa isisindo sokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwezingane kanye nokuletha amamenyu ezikhungo zomphakathi eduze nalokho umphakathi wesayensi nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezikuncomele iminyaka.