UMnyango Wezamalungelo Ezenhlalo, Izindaba Zabathengi, kanye ne-Ajenda ka-2030 unqume ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi useqalise inqubo yezomthetho yokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwentsha eziphuzweni ezine-caffeine eningi. Ngemva kokubona isiphakamiso esifanayo singaphumeleli ePhalamende ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, umnyango oholwa nguPablo Bustinduy ukhethe ukubuyela ohlelweni lwawo lokuqala. Umgomo uwukuphasisa umthetho ovikela izingane nentsha emikhiqizweni okusetshenziswe kuyo kakhulu muva nje, okuwumkhuba obangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu phakathi kweziphathimandla zezempilo kanye nemindeni.
Lesi sinqumo siqinisekiswe ngokuvula ingxoxo yomphakathi yokuqala mayelana nomthethosivivinywa ohlongozwayo ozolawula ukumaketha kanye nokukhangiswa kwalezi ziphuzo zamandla. Uhulumeni uhlose ukuthi umthetho ucutshungulwe ngokushesha okukhulu, unxenxe isidingo somphakathi esibonakala sinzima, njengoba izinhlolovo zibonisa ukuthi iningi labantu lingazamukela lezi zithibelo. Lokhu akuyona into encane, njengoba kuhilela ukuqinisekisa izindawo ezinempilo neziphephile zengxenye yabantu abasengozini enkulu yamasu okumaketha anolaka avame ukuhambisana nale mikhiqizo.
Imikhawulo yesikhathi esisha kanye nemikhawulo ekuthengisweni
Imithethonqubo ehlongozwayo ibeka imigqa ebomvu ecacile kuye ngokuthi isiphuzo sinjani. Ngokuvamile, inhloso ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwanoma yisiphi isiphuzo samandla ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Kodwa-ke, uMnyango ufuna ukuqinisa kakhulu uma umkhiqizo unamandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma isiphuzo sidlula amamililitha angu-32 e-caffeine ngamamililitha ayi-100, ukuvinjelwa kokuthenga kuzokhushulwa kube yiminyaka engu-18, okuzokwenza ukuthi kufane neminye imikhiqizo ethengiswayo kuphela kubantu abadala.
Lesi sinyathelo esisemthethweni asihlukanisiwe; senzelwe ukuhambisana kahle nezinye izinyathelo ezikhona, njengeRoyal Decree on Healthy School Cafeterias . Lowo mthetho usuvele uvimbele le mikhiqizo ezikhungweni zemfundo, kodwa manje umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kunoma yisiphi isitolo noma isitolo esikhulu. Umgomo ukuvimbela izingane ekufinyeleleni kalula izikhuthazi ezingaba yingozi ekukhuleni kwazo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, uma zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokuthengisa okuqondile, umthetho ohlongozwayo uzogxila ekukhangiseni. Inhloso ukuvimbela izingane ezincane ukuthi zingavezwa ezikhangisweni eziqhubekayo eziveza lezi ziphuzo njengeziyimfashini noma ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezemfundo noma kwezemidlalo. Ukuchayeka kulolu hlobo lwemiyalezo kutholakale kuphezulu kakhulu, okudala imikhuba engathandeki kusukela zisencane kakhulu. Uhulumeni ugcizelela ukuthi ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwezentengiselwano kuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokunciphisa izibalo zokusetshenziswa kwamanje, ezisemazingeni ashaqisayo phakathi kwentsha yaseSpain.
Izexwayiso ezivela emphakathini wesayensi mayelana nempilo
Isisekelo salo lonke lolu mthethonqubo akuyona into eyenzeka kwezepolitiki, kodwa kunalokho sisekelwe ekuvumelaneni okuqinile kwesayensi okusekelwa yi-Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) kanye ne-World Health Organization (WHO). Ochwepheshe bebelokhu bexwayisa ngokuthi ukuphuza la manani e- caffeine eziphuzweni zamandla noshukela kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Phakathi kwemiphumela eshesha kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwamaphethini okulala , kodwa uhlu lwezinkinga zesikhathi eside lude kakhulu futhi lukhathaza kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuphindaphindiwe kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezifo eziningi okungafanele zivamile kubantu abasha, njenge:
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Imiphumela yengqondo efana nokucasuka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kokuziphatha.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuqina kwamathambo, okungaholela ezinkingeni ze-osteoporosis esikhathini esizayo.
- Ingozi yokudlula i-caffeine ngokweqile, okubangela i-tachycardia kanye nokungaphatheki kahle okuvamile.
Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu odokotela umkhuba wokushintsha ukudla okubalulekile, njengokusasekuseni, ngelinye lala mathini. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunikeza amandla angamanga kodwa futhi kubangela ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile zokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikwazi ukukhohlwa i-taurine nezinye izinto ezivame ukuhambisana ne-caffeine, okwandisa imiphumela yayo futhi kubeke umzimba wengane ekucindezelekeni okungadingekile. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ithini elijwayelekile lalezi ziphuzo lingalingana cishe nama-espresso amabili, umthamo ocacile ngokweqile kumuntu osemusha okhula phakathi nokukhula.
Isimo samazwe ngamazwe kanye nesimo emiphakathini ezimele
ISpain ayiyona yodwa kule mpi. Amanye amazwe aseYurophu afana neJalimane, iPoland, iNorway, neLithuania asevele ethathe isinyathelo futhi anemithetho efanayo yokuvikela intsha yawo. Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukuvumelanisa imithetho kazwelonke ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano phakathi kwezifunda nokuqinisekisa imakethe ebumbene, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu osemusha eMadrid unesivikelo esifanayo nesaseWarsaw noma eBerlin kule mikhiqizo.
Ngaphakathi eSpain, eminye imiphakathi ezimele yayisiqalile ukwenza ngokuzimela. IGalicia yayiyiphayona ekuvimbeleni ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwalezi ziphuzo ezinganeni ezincane ngoMashi odlule, kanti i-Asturias ilandela indlela efanayo kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukana kwenza kwaba nesidingo sokuthi uMnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi uhole ekuhlanganiseni izindlela ezweni lonke . Imininingwane evela kucwaningo lwe-Estudes iveza: cishe abafundi abangu-40% abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-14 no-18 ubudala baphuza lezi ziphuzo, kanti amaphesenti amakhulu azixuba notshwala, umkhuba owandisa kakhulu izingozi zempilo.
Ukwethulwa kwalo mthethosivivinywa ohlongozwayo kubonisa ukuzibophezela okuqinile okuvela ezikhungweni zokuguqula umkhuba wokusebenzisa ukudla owawusuphenduke waba yinto evamile ngendlela eyingozi. Ngokubandakanya izakhamuzi ekubonisaneni nomphakathi, kunethemba lokuthi umbhalo uzothuthukiswa, uhlose, ngazo zonke izizathu ezishiwo ngenhla, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba yokudla yezizukulwane ezintsha ilinganisela kakhulu futhi ayixhomekile kakhulu ezintweni ezivuselelayo zokwenziwa. Lesi sinyathelo somthetho sivezwa njengendlela yokuzivikela enkingeni yezempilo yomphakathi edinga izixazululo ezinesibindi kanye nemithetho ecacile engashiyi kungabaza ngokubaluleka kokuvikela inhlalakahle yabantwana.
