Imishini yokuthengisa ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile eSpain ngeke isafana namakhekhe, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, nokudla okulula okunosawoti. I-Ministry of Social Rights, Consumer Affairs and Agenda 2030 Ilungiselela i-Royal Decree ezodinga ukuthi, okungenani, i-80% yalokho okunikezwa yilawa madivayisi ukudla okunephrofayili yezokudla okunempilo.
Lolu shintsho luzothinta kokubili izikhungo eziphethwe umphakathi nezizimele futhi luzodlulela nakwezinye izindawo zezenhlalakahle nezempilo, njenge izikhungo zezempilo noma izikhungo zaseminiUmbono womnyango oholwa nguPablo Bustinduy ukuthi lezi zindawo, lapho abantu abaningi bechitha amahora amaningi bephelezela iziguli noma behlala isikhathi eside, zizoyeka ukuba izindawo lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthola okuthile okunempilo okudliwayo.
Yini ezoshintsha emishinini yokuthengisa ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile?
Ingqikithi eyinhloko yomthethonqubo omusha icacile: okungenani imikhiqizo eyisishiyagalombili kweyishumi Izinketho ezitholakala emishinini yokuthengisa ezibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile, nakwezinye izindawo zokunakekela kufanele kubhekwe njengezempilo. Inhloso ukuthi le mishini isuke ekubeni indawo yokuthengisa igxile ekudleni okugayiwe kakhulu iye esisetshenziswa esisizayo. ukukhetha ukudla okulinganiselayo.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezabathengi, umthethonqubo uzoba yingxenye ye Isinqumo Sasebukhosini Ngokudla Okunempilo Ezibhedlela Nezindawo ZokuhlalaUmthethonqubo ohlanganyelwe noMnyango Wezempilo uhlose ukulawula lokho okunikezwa emahholo okudlela nezindawo zokudlela, kanye nasemishinini yokuthengisa. Akukhona nje ngokushintsha imikhiqizo embalwa, kodwa mayelana nokusungula... izinga lokudla okunempilo kuyo yonke indawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo nenhlalakahle.
UNgqongqoshe uPablo Bustinduy ugcizelele ukuthi uma umuntu ephelezela isihlobo esilaliswe esibhedlela, bavame ukuhlangana "okungenakwenzeka okungokoqobo" kokuthola enye indlela enempilo emishinini yokuthengisa. Ngokombono wakhe, lezi yizinguquko ezingase zibonakale zincane, kodwa zinomthelela oqinile emalungelweni okudla okwanele.
Lesi sinyathelo sithathwa njengesibopho sezinkampani ezinemishini yokuthengisa ezibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile nakwezinye izikhungo ezifakwe kulo mthetho. Ngamanye amazwi, ngeke kube isincomo esilula, kodwa isidingo esiyisibopho. imfuneko engokomthetho uma umthethonqubo usuqala ukusebenza.
Yini ezobhekwa njengokudla okunempilo emishinini yokuthengisa?
I-Royal Decree ichaza izinhlobo zemikhiqizo okufanele yenze leyo ngxenye enempilo engu-80%. Empeleni, ingxenye enkulu yomnikelo kuyodingeka ihlanganise amanzi, ubisi, izithelo ezintsha, iyogathi ngaphandle koshukela owengeziwe, amajusi wezithelo, Amantongomane angathosiwe, anosawoti omncanekanye nezinkwa ezigcwele okusanhlamvu namasemishi. Iphinde ivule umnyango kwezinye izinto ezinephrofayili efanayo yokondleka.
Inhloso yenkonzo ukuthi umthelela obonakalayo wokuqala womshini uzokhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe. izinketho zekhwalithi engcono yokudla okunomsocoLokhu kuyasuka kumodeli yamanje lapho imikhiqizo ephezulu ngoshukela, usawoti, namafutha agcwele kuyinto evamile. Ngale ndlela, ilungu lomndeni elichithe yonke intambama egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lizoba nesithelo noma iyogathi yemvelo esandleni esikhundleni sokuba nekhekhe eligayiwe noma isiphuzo esinoshukela njengezinketho zabo kuphela.
Phakathi kokudla okukhuthazwayo kukhona imikhiqizo eyisisekelo ngokwesiko eyakha ingxenye yamaphethini okudla okunempilo, njenge Ukudla kwaseMeditheraNisela amanzi njengesiphuzo esiyinhloko, imikhiqizo yobisi engenashukela owengeziwe, okusanhlamvu, nezithelo eziphelele. Inhloso ukufaka esikhundleni semikhiqizo evamile esetshenzwe kakhulu izindlela ezilulakodwa okunomsoco kuthakazelisa kakhulu.
Lokhu kuhlelwa kabusha akuvimbeli ngokuphelele ukuba khona kwemikhiqizo enempilo encane, kodwa kuyibeka endimeni yesibili ngokusobala. Bazovunyelwa ukuhlala kuphela kufika ku-20% wokunikezwayo futhi bayoba nemikhawulo eqinile lapho bengabekwa khona ngaphakathi komshini.
Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokugqama
Umthetho uyagcizelela ukunciphisa ukukhanga kokudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed ngaphakathi kwemishini yokuthengisa. Le mikhiqizo izoqhubeka nokuba khona ngamaphesenti amancane, kodwa ngeke isakwazi ukuthatha imigqa emaphakathi noma izindawo ezibonakala kakhulu ezivame ukuthatha ukunaka komsebenzisi kuqala.
Umthengi uchaza le mikhiqizo ngokuthi ukudla okuyinkimbinkimbi kokwakhiwa kwezimboniLe mikhiqizo iqukethe izithako ezicutshunguliwe, izithasiselo, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha agcwele, ushukela, noma usawoti. Lesi sigaba sifaka ingxenye enkulu yokudla okulula okumnandi, amakhekhe, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, namakhukhi amaningi akhiqizwa ukuthengisa—izinto ezibusa kakhulu ezibukisweni zasesitolo namuhla.
Umthethonqubo omusha uzodinga ukuthi lokhu kudla okunganconyiwe kuhanjiswe ku- imigqa ephansi noma ezinye izindawo zokubonakala okuphansiUmgomo wukuthi, uma uthi nhlá, umsebenzisi abone izinketho ezinempilo kuqala, kuyilapho ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kuthatha isihlalo esingemuva futhi kudinga ukukhetha okwenziwe ngamabomu kakhudlwana.
Eqinisweni, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi uma umshini ubonisa, isibonelo, ushokoledi noma amakhekhe, le mikhiqizo ayikwazi ukuba phakathi nendawo yombono womthengi. Inhloso ukukhulisa lokho okwaziwayo mayelana nendlela [ithonya labo] isikhundla kanye nokufinyeleleka ezinqumweni zokuthenga ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokukhathala noma zokucindezeleka njengalezo ezitholakala ezibhedlela.
Iziphuzo ezishisayo ezingenashukela ngokuzenzakalela nokufinyelela mahhala emanzini
I-Royal Decree iphinde ikhulume ngokuthi iziphuzo zinikezwa kanjani. Endabeni yekhofi, itiye, noma eminye imishini yesiphuzo esishisayo, umthetho omusha uzodinga ukuba benze kanjalo khipha ezingenashukela ngokuzenzakalelaUmsebenzisi angase engeze ushukela uma ethanda, ngomkhawulo omkhulu wamagremu angu-5.
Njengamanje, imishini eminingi inikeza ikhofi noma ushokoledi oshisayo kakade usushukela, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi udla ushukela ongakanani. Ngohlelo olusha, ukusetshenziswa kukashukela okwengeziwe kuzolandelelwa. eqaphela kakhudlwana futhi quantifiablengokuphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi anqume ukuthi uyayifaka yini futhi ifike kuliphi inani, ngaphakathi komkhawulo obekwe umthethonqubo.
Enye into efanelekile yisibopho sokufaka imithombo yamanzi okuphuza mahhala ezikhungweni lapho lezi zinyathelo zisetshenziswa khona. Le mithombo yamanzi kufanele imakwe ngokucacile ukuze noma ubani akwazi ukuyithola kalula ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthenga amanzi asemabhodleleni emishinini yokuthengisa.
Ngalokhu, uMnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi uhlose ukwenza amanzi kampompi abe yinketho emisiwe, kokubili ngokombono wesabelomali sezempilo kanye nesasekhaya. Kulabo abachitha amahora amade esibhedlela bephelezela isiguli, lesi sinyathelo singamelela a ukonga izindleko ezibalulekile kanye nokuncika eziphuzweni ezisemabhodleleni.
Inhlanganisela yeziphuzo ezishisayo ezingenashukela ngokuzenzakalela nemithombo yamahhala ihambisana nendikimba ephelele yomthetho: izindawo ezisizayo lapho Ukukhetha inketho enempilo kuyisinqumo esilula futhi esisobala kakhulu., esikhundleni sokuthile okudinga umzamo owengeziwe.
Umthelela kumamenyu ezingane kanye nokuqhubeka nezindawo zokudlela zesikole
Idokhumenti ayifaki nje imishini yokuthengisa. Imithetho emisha iphinde ihlinzekele ... Ukususwa kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kumamenyu wezingane nentsha iziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela. Lokhu kubandakanya kokubili ukudla abakutholayo ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwabo kanye nezinketho zokudla kwezingane namamenyu ezindaweni zokudlela nasezindlini zokudlela ezivulekele umphakathi kulezi zikhungo.
Umqondo uwukuthi ingane elele esibhedlela akufanele ibe nama-nuggets, amakhekhe, noma iziphuzo ezibandayo njengendlela yazo eyinhloko, kodwa izitsha ezihambisana nezincomo zezempilo kusukela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye ne-Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN). Inhloso ukuvikela ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi esintekenteke.
Lesi sinyathelo sixhumene ngqo ne- Isinqumo Sasebukhosini mayelana namaHholo Okudlela Ezikole Ezinempilo NesimemeUmthetho, owavunywa ngo-Ephreli 2025, usuvele usungule inqubo yokudla okunempilo yamamenyu ezikole nawekolishi. Umbhalo omusha wezibhedlela namakhaya anakekela izingane ulandela umugqa ofanayo, unweba ukugxila endaweni yesikole kuye ku umkhakha wokunakekelwa kwezempilo nomphakathi.
NgokoMnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi, yomibili imithethonqubo iphendula ku-a ukukhula ukuvumelana kwezenhlalo nezesayensi Ngokuphathelene nesidingo sokuthuthukisa ukudla ezindaweni lapho abantu bethembele kakhulu kulokho okunikezwa esizeni, kokubili izinhlangano zochwepheshe nezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle sekuyisikhathi eside zigxeka izinga eliphansi lokudla elitholakala kweziningi zalezi zikhungo.
Kulokhu, uHulumeni ufuna ukuguqula izibhedlela, amakhaya asebekhulile kanye nezikhungo zezempilo zibe izilinganiso zezindawo zokudla okunempilongokuhambisana nemiyalezo yezempilo yomphakathi ekhishwa yizikhungo zezempilo ngokwazo.
Kungani kuhloswe ukudla okugaywe kakhulu?
Umfutho walo mthetho usekelwa indikimba ekhulayo yobufakazi besayensi. Ukuhlaziya okuphelele okusanda kushicilelwa kujenali I-LancetNgokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwamazwe ngamazwe olungaphezu kwekhulu, ixwayisa ngokuthi ukudla okugayiwe njalo sekuphenduke ukudla okudliwayo. usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi.
Lolu cwaningo luxhumanisa ukuthathwa okuphezulu kwale mikhiqizo nengozi eyandayo yoku ukukhuluphala, uhlobo 2 sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathiNgokuhambisanayo, ichaza uguquko olusheshayo olusuka emaphethini okudla ajwayelekile, njengokudla kwaseMedithera, luye kumamodeli abuswa yimikhiqizo ecutshungulwe kakhulu.
ISpain ivela kulokho kuhlaziywa njengelinye lamazwe lapho ukusetshenziswa kokudla okugaywe kakhulu kukhule kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-20, umnikelo wabo ekudleni wawuzoba nawo kuphindwe kathathu, kusuka ku-11% kuya ku-32% yalokho okudliwe, ngokusho kwedatha eshiwo uMnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne WHO kanye ne-UNICEF Banxuse ohulumeni ngokusobala ukuthi banqande lo mkhuba, bephawula ukuthi ukwanda emhlabeni wonke kokudla okugayiwe kusongela impilo yezingane, ukulingana, nokuphila kahle. Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezihlongozwayo, bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawula izindawo zokudla ezibalulekile, njengezikole nezibhedlela, lapho abantu benendawo encane yokufinyelela ezinye izinketho.
I-Consumer Affairs ithatha lezi zincomo futhi izivumelanise nengqikithi yeSpanishi ngezinyathelo ezithile eziphathelene nemishini yokuthengisa kanye nokunikezwa kwemenyu ezikhungweni zezempilo nezindawo zokuhlala, ngenhloso ukuqondanisa izinqubomgomo zomphakathi nobufakazi besayensi etholakalayo.
Umkhakha onemishini yokuthengisa engaphezu kuka-390.000
Ububanzi obunamandla besilinganiso bubanzi. I-DBK Sector Observatory of Informa ilinganisela ukuthi e-Spain kukhona imishini yokuthengisa engaphezu kuka-390.000 zokudla neziphuzo. Yize lo mthetho omusha uhloselwe labo abasezibhedlela, ezindlini zasebekhulile nasezikhungweni ezithile zomphakathi, uMnyango unethemba lokuthi uzosebenza njengesithenjwa kwabanye.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ingxenye yalolu chungechunge lwemishini yayisivele iqalile ukuhlanganisa imikhiqizo ethile enempiloKodwa-ke, umnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi ukholelwa ukuthi lolu shintsho belunganele futhi alulingani ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke isinqumo sokusungula izindinganiso ezicacile ezicacile, okungenani ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu.
Isifiso somnyango ukuthi lezi zidingo zizoba a izinga lokudla okunempilo Le modeli inganwetshwa kwezinye izindawo, njengamanyuvesi, izindawo zokusebenza, izikhungo zemidlalo, noma ezinye izindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imodeli izonwetshwa kwezinye izimo.
Ezinkampanini ezisembonini yokuthengisa, ushintsho luzosho lungisa okunikezwayo kwakho kanye nendlela obonisa ngayo imikhiqizoNakuba imishini yokuthengisa enezithelo, amantongomane, noma amasemishi empuphu egcwele isivele ibonakala, umthetho omusha uzodinga ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamakhathalogi kanye nokugcinwa kwesitoko ukuze iningi lezikhala lihlale lezi zinhlobo zezinto.
Ngokombono womsebenzisi, umphumela osheshayo uzoba ukuhlangana imishini ehambisana kakhulu nezincomo zezempilo zomphakathiikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho, kuze kube manje, ukukhetha kuthonywe kakhulu ukuba khona okukhethekile kwezinketho ezingafiseleki kangako.
Ilungelo lokudla kahle kanye nomthethonqubo ozayo wokukhangisa
Kuzo zonke izitatimende zakhe zomphakathi ngalesi sihloko, uPablo Bustinduy ukugcizelele lokho “Ukondla akukona futhi akunakuba umkhuba nje”Kungqongqoshe ukudla kuyingxenye yempilo yenhlalo namasiko futhi akufanele kube yilungelo eligcinelwe labo abangakwazi ukukhetha noma ukuhamba ngaphandle kwesibhedlela beyofuna ezinye izindlela.
Ngakho-ke, ugcizelela umthwalo wemfanelo wezikhungo zikahulumeni uma kuziwa qinisekisa ilungelo lokudla okunempilo kanye nezindawo eziphephile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasezimweni ezisengozini kakhulu: abantu abamukelwayo, abantu abadala ezindaweni zokuhlala, izingane ezisesibhedlela noma imindeni echitha amahora amaningi emagumbini okulindela.
Umnyango uhlela lolu shintsho ngesu elibanzi, elihlanganisa njengesinyathelo esilandelayo ukulawulwa kokukhangiswa kokudla okungenampilo okuqondiswe ezinganeniNgokwemininingwane yomnyango Wezindaba Zabathengi, ingane yaseSpain ingabona isilinganiso sezikhangiso ezingu-11 ngosuku, kuthelevishini kuphela, ngemikhiqizo ebhekwa njengengenampilo.
Inhloso ebekiwe wukubhekana nalelo cala, ngeso elibheke ngakuye ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokuhweba ezinganeni nokusiza ukunqanda ukwanda kokudla okugaywe kakhulu phakathi kwezingane. Ungqongqoshe ngokwakhe ukuvumile ukuthi kuzoba “yimpi enzima,” kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuvumelana okubanzi kwezenhlalo mayelana nesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo.
Imithetho emisha yemishini yokuthengisa namamenyu ezibhedlela nasemakhaya anakekela izingane zethulwa njengesinyathelo esengeziwe emgqeni wezinqubomgomo ezifunayo. siguqule izindawo lapho sinquma khona, cishe ngaphandle kokucabanga, esikudlayoUma imishini yokuthengisa emaphaseji asesibhedlela iyeka ukugcwaliswa kuphela ngamakhekhe neziphuzo ezithambile futhi esikhundleni salokho ifakwe izithelo, iyogathi engenaswidi, amanzi, namantongomane, kuzoba lula ukuthi inketho elula ekugcineni ifane nenketho enempilo.