Ama-cafeteria esikole kulo lonke elaseSpain abhekene noshintsho olukhulu: kusukela manje kuqhubeke, amamenyu kumele afake izithelo nemifino emisha eyengeziweUkudla okuthosiwe okuncane kanye noshukela omncane, kanye nokulawula okuqinile kakhulu ikhwalithi yalokho okunikezwa izingane nsuku zonke. Uhlaka olusha lwezomthetho lwe-Healthy and Sustainable School Cafeterias luqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele ngemva konyaka womusa wezikole ukuze zilungise izinkontileka zazo kanye nenhlangano yangaphakathi.
Inhloso kaHulumeni ikabili: ukuthuthukisa impilo yezingane kanye nokunciphisa ukuba khona kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. ukudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processedLesi sinqumo sivimbela amakhekhe acutshunguliwe kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela ezikoleni, kuyilapho sikhuthaza imikhuba yokudla eqhubekayo. Konke lokhu kuzofezwa ngaphandle kokuphakamisa amanani esidlo sasemini sesikole emindenini, okuwumbandela ogcizelelwe ngokucacile kulesi sinqumo.
Umthetho okhuthaza izithelo, imifino kanye nezinhlanzi ezengeziwe
Imithethonqubo emisha, eyanyatheliswa ku-Official State Gazette ngonyaka odlule, idinga zonke izikhungo zemfundo ezifundisa kusukela emjikelezweni wesibili weMfundo Yasebuntwaneni kuya ku-Baccalaureate kanye noQeqesho Lomsebenzi oluyisisekelo noma oluphakathi ukuthi zinikeze. amamenyu alinganiselayo, asekelwe emikhiqizweni emisha, yesizini. Izithelo nemifino kufanele kuvele nsuku zonke.kuyilapho izinhlanzi kuzodingeka ziphakwe phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 ngesonto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamenyu azoklanywa ngokwemigomo yokudla okunempilo nokuqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi kufanele kuqalwe kuqala. ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amantongomane namafutha omnqumoIzinkomba zakudala zokudla kwaseMedithera. Lesi sinqumo sigcizelela ukuthi izitsha kumele zigadwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kwezokudla okunempilo kanye nezokudla, nokuthi kuzokwenziwa izilawuli ezisemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho.
Ezindaweni ezifana nalezi I-Andalusia noma iSifunda saseMurciaEziningi zalezi ziqondiso bezisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi ezindaweni zokudlela zesikole. Izinkampani zokupheka ezifana nalezo ezelulekwe yisazi sokudla okunempilo uMarÃa Reinoso eSeville, noma ulwazi oluqoqwe eMurcia, manje zisebenza njengereferensi yokusetshenziswa kulo lonke izwe.
ECeuta nakulo lonke elaseSpain, lesi sinqumo sasebukhosini siphinde sandise izimiso zoMthetho Wokuphepha Kokudla Nokudla, sisungula okokuqala ngqa imvamisa yokusetshenziswa okuningiliziwe kweqembu ngalinye lokudla kanye nemithetho ecacile mayelana namasu okupheka avunyelwe.
Ukudla okuthosiwe okuncane, ushukela omncane, kanye nokuvalelisa kuma-pastry acutshunguliwe.
Enye yezinguquko ezibonakala kakhulu kubafundi izoba ukulinganiselwa okuqinile kokudla okuthosiweUmthethonqubo uthi ukudla okuthosiwe okukodwa kuphela ngesonto kunganikezwa, okuzophoqa amakhishi esikole ukuthi athembele kakhulu kuma-oven, ekushiseni, ekugrileni, noma ezitshulwini ezithambile. Ukuba khona [kwezinye izithako] nakho kuncishiswe kakhulu. ukudla okulungisiwe njenge-pizza, ama-croquette, ama-cannelloni, ama-empanada noma inhlanzi nenyama ebhakiwe, okungaphakelwa okungenani kanye ngenyanga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhawulo kushukela iyaqiniswa. Iziphuzo ezinoshukela kanye nama-pastries acutshunguliwe akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kusebenza kumamenyu, imishini yokuthengisa, kanye nama-cafeteria asezikhungweni zemfundo. Imikhiqizo enikezwa kule mishini ayikwazi ukudlula ama-kilocalories angu-200 ngokukhonza ngakunye, futhi u-10% kuphela walawo mandla angavela kumafutha agcwele noma ushukela owengeziwe noma okhululekile.
Ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo epakishiwe enokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine okungaphezu kuka-15 mg ngamamililitha ayi-100 nakho akuvunyelwe, okuyisinyathelo esihlose ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe- iziphuzo zamandla kanye nezinye iziphuzo ezivuselelayo phakathi kwezingane ezincane. Imishini ingase ingabi sezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kubafundi abasebancane futhi ingase ingabonisi izikhangiso zokudla okungenampilo.
Lo mthetho ugcizelela futhi ukukhuthazwa kwamasu okupheka anempilo. uwoyela womnqumo omsulwa noma owengeziwe Ukusetshenziswa kosawoti one-iodized njengamafutha okupheka ayinhloko kuzoba yimpoqo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2027, futhi kokubili usawoti one-iodized kanye nama-stock concentrate noma ama-flavour enhancers kumele athengwe ngokunciphisa okungu-25% kokuqukethwe kosawoti.
Ukuthi amamenyu azobukeka kanjani: inyama, inhlanzi, kanye namaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni
Lo mthetho uchaza ngokuningiliziwe imvamisa yamaqembu okudla ayinhloko ukuze kufezwe amamenyu alinganiselayo. Ezifundweni zokuqala, uqinisekisa ukuthi Imifino kanye nemifino kufanele kuphakwe kanye noma kabili ngesonto.kuyilapho i-pasta nelayisi kuzokhawulelwa ekukhonzeni okukodwa ngesonto kuleso simo.
Ezidlweni eziyinhloko, izinhlanzi kufanele zivele phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 ngesonto, amaqanda kufanele avele phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2, kanye inyama ayikwazi ukudlula izabelo ezintathu ngesontoKulezi, kuvunyelwe ukuphakelwa okukodwa kuphela kwenyama ebomvu ngenyanga kanye nokunikezwa okuphezulu kwenyama ecutshunguliwe okubili ngenyanga, okuwushintsho oluphawulekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namamenyu amaningi amanje.
Bakhuluphala amaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweniIzitsha ezisekelwe ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni okunokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni (imifino, i-tofu, imikhiqizo yesoya, noma ezinye izindlela) kufanele zinikezwe phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-5 ngesonto. Uma kukhulunywa ngamamenyu emifino, ukudla okuhlanu okuyinhloko ngesonto kumele kusekelwe kulolu hlobo lwamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni.
Indinganiso iphinde income phakathi kokukodwa kuya kwezine kwe-servings amasaladi axubile njengesitsha esiseceleni ngesonto, ngaleyo ndlela kufakwa imifino eluhlaza eyengeziwe. Imikhiqizo yobisi igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe, ibeka phambili izinhlobo ezingenashukela owengeziwe futhi igweme ukuyenza i-dessert evamile.
Esigabeni sama-dessert, izithelo ezintsha zithatha indawo ephambili: kumele zifinyelele izabelo ezine noma ezinhlanu ngesontoLokhu kusho ukuthi i-dessert cishe iyoba yisithelo njalo. Kusele isikhala esincane kakhulu sezinye izinhlobo ze-dessert, okufanele zivele ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela.
Amanzi, isiphuzo kuphela, kanye nokulawula okwengeziwe emishinini nasemakhefini
Olunye ushintsho oluphawulekayo ukuthi Amanzi azoba yisiphuzo kuphela esivunyelwe ekamelweni lokudlelaUmthetho omusha udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela mahhala emanzini okuphuza ngokusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi, amajagi noma ezinye izinhlelo, kokubili egumbini lokudlela nasemagcekeni nasezindaweni ezivamile, phakathi nosuku lwesikole kanye nosuku lwangaphandle kwesikole, okuhlanganisa nezikhathi zasemini.
Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe iziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela, amajusi acutshunguliwe kanye nezinye iziphuzo ezinamakhalori aphezulu Esimweni sesikole, amanzi azoba yisinqumo esizenzakalelayo ngezikhathi zokudla, okuqinisa umkhuba ochwepheshe abawubheka njengesihluthulelo sempilo yesikhathi eside.
Imishini yokuthengisa kanye nezindawo zokudlela zesikole nazo zizolawulwa ngokuqinile. Imikhiqizo enikezwayo ngeke ivunyelwe ukudlula imingcele ethile yamafutha agcwele, ushukela, usawoti, nama-calories, futhi kuzobekwa phambili amantongomane emvelo, izithelo eziphelele, imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nezinketho ezihambisana nokudla kwaseMeditheraNgaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okune-caffeine eningi akuvunyelwe, futhi kunqunywa imikhawulo yendawo kanye nokubonakala.
Umbhalo womthetho uphawula ukuthi zonke lezi zinguquko kumele zihambisane ne- ulwazi olucacile lwemindeniIzikhungo kuzodingeka zishicilele noma zixhumane namamenyu anyanga zonke ngemininingwane mayelana nezithako, amasu okupheka, izitsha eziseceleni kanye nezinto ezingaba yizinto ezingadala ukungezwani komzimba, zisebenzisa amabhodi ezaziso, amakhasi ewebhu noma ezinye iziteshi ezifinyelelekayo.
Izinsuku zokugcina, ukusimama kanye nokudla okungokwemvelo
Nakuba ingxenye enkulu yomthethonqubo iqala ukusebenza ngoLwesine, lesi sinqumo sihlanganisa ukuqala ukusebenza okuhlehlisiwe ngenxa yezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhuluIzikhungo zinesikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni emibili sokulungisa ngokugcwele izinkontileka zazo zokuphakelwa kokudla futhi zihambisane nazo zonke izindlela, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusimama kwazo.
Uma ngibheka phambili ku-Ephreli 16, 2027, okungenani Izingxenye ezingu-45% zezithelo nemifino ezikhonzwayo kumele zibe zesiziniLokhu kuzokhuthaza imikhiqizo ehlobene kakhulu nekhalenda lezolimo futhi, mhlawumbe, evela endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okungenani u-5% wezindleko zokudla eziphelele kumele zinikezwe imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngendlela yemvelo.
Lo mthethonqubo uphinde ukhuthaze ukutholakala kokudla kwezolimo, olwandle kanye nokudla kwasemanzini kanye izitifiketi zokusimamaezibonisa imikhuba enobungani nemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhungo ziyadingeka ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kanye nokungcola kokudla, ngezinhlelo zokuqoqa ezihlukile zokuvuselela kabusha okulandelayo.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile yisibopho sokugcina intengo yokudlela yesikoleLesi sinqumo sicacisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokudla okunempilo kanye nokwemvelo kwamamenyu akunakubangela ukwanda kwezindleko emindenini, okuzophoqa abaphathi nezinkampani zokupheka ukuthi balungise imingcele nezinqubo zabo ngaphandle kokudlulisela izindleko kubasebenzisi.
Indawo yokudlela yesikole njengethuluzi lokulwa nokukhuluphala kwengane kanye nobumpofu
Ngaphezu komkhakha wokudla okunempilo, uHulumeni ugcizelela indima ye-cafeteria yesikole njenge indawo ebalulekile yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwezinganeLena inkinga ethinta ingane eyodwa kwezintathu emiphakathini efana ne-Andalusia. Ngokunikeza amamenyu alinganiselayo, inhloso iwukuba izingane zingadli kahle esikoleni kuphela, kodwa futhi zijwayeze imikhuba enempilo ezingayidlulisela ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-NGO Educo zisikhumbuza ukuthi indawo yokudlela yesikole ibalulekile Izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-2,2 ezisengozini yobumpofu kanye nokungabandakanywa emphakathiniKodwa-ke, ingxenye yabo kuphela ekwazi ukufinyelela le nsizakalo. Phakathi kwezingane ezisengozini kakhulu, cishe u-15% uthola usizo lokudla esikoleni, okuyigebe izinhlangano zomphakathi ezibona liphuthuma ukulixazulula.
Abacwaningi abanjengo-Ismael Sanz, wase-FUNCAS Analysis Centre, bathi ukuqhubekela phambili ukwenziwa kwezifundo zokudla zesikole zibe yizwe lonke Kungaba nomthelela oqondile ekufundeni. Izifundo eziningana zikhomba ubudlelwano phakathi kokudla okunempilo nokusebenza kahle kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yesikole.
Izifundo ezivela emanyuvesi afana ne-UOC kanye namaqembu ocwaningo afana ne-ImFINE (INEF-UPM) zikhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo, kabili noma kathathu ngesonto, kwezakhamzimba ezifana ama-omega-3 fatty acids, i-folic acid, i-iron, noma i-zinc Kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho okungcono kanye nomthelela omuhle empilweni yengqondo yezingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-8 nengu-12 ubudala.
Indlela yokwenza amamenyu amasha akhange izingane
Enye yezinselelo ochwepheshe abazikhombayo ukwamukelwa kwabafundi. Ochwepheshe be-biochemists kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla okunempilo u-Elena Pérez noMarÃa Hernández baxwayisa ngokuthi uma isethulo singacatshangelwa ngokucophelela, kunengozi yokuthi izingane eziningi zizozenqaba lezi [mikhiqizo/izinsizakalo]. amamenyu anemifino eminingi, ubhontshisi kanye nenhlanziBathi isihluthulelo sisendleleni izitsha ezibekwa ngayo.
Phakathi kwamasu abawaphakamisayo ukufaka imifino amasoso acebile, okhilimu ababushelelezi noma ama-meatballukuze bajwayelane kakhudlwana. Uma kuziwa ngezinhlanzi, basikisela ukuthi ziguqulwe zibe ama-burger, ama-nuggets abhakiwe ekhaya, noma ezinye izinto ezifana nezitsha izingane esezazi futhi ezamukela kangcono.
Kucatshangelwa nezinye izindlela, njengokufaka esikhundleni se- i-pasta evamile esikhundleni se-pasta eyenziwe ngemifinoLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izindlela zokupheka ezijwayelekile—i-macaroni, i-lasagna, amasaladi e-pasta—ngasikhathi sinye kwandisa okuqukethwe kweprotheyini ne-fiber okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngokufanayo, kukhuthaza ukuzama imibala, izimo, kanye nezethulo ezikhangayo kakhulu.
Ochwepheshe bezokudla abasebenza nezinkampani zokupheka zesikole bagcizelela ukuthi ushintsho akufanele lukhawulelwe kumenyu, kodwa kufanele luhambisane... imisebenzi yezemfundo kanye nama-workshop Abazali kufanele bachazele izingane ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukudla izithelo nsuku zonke, ukunciphisa ukudla okuthosiwe, noma ukukhetha amanzi kunesoda. Umqondo uwukuba ziqonde izizathu zalezi zinguquko, hhayi nje ukuzibona njengento eziphoqelelwa ukuyenza.
Nakuba ukulungiswa ngeke kube ngaphandle kokumelana futhi kuzodinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, abaphathi, izinkampani zokupheka, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo bayavuma ukuthi lokhu kuzibophezela ku Izithelo nemifino eminingi kanye nokudla okuthosiwe okuncane Kungaba uphawu loshintsho olukhulu ekudleni kwesikole eSpain, ngokuhlanganisa impilo, ukusimama kanye nokulingana komphakathi ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo lomthetho.
