Ukushoda kwemithi ethile yezilwane kuseyinkinga ethule kodwa engokoqobo eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane, kusukela ku izilwane ezifuywayo, imfuyo kanye nezilwane zasendleKunezifo okusengakabibikho ukwelashwa okugunyaziwe okwanele noma, kalula nje, ukuhlinzekwa akwanele.
Ukuletha ukuhleleka kwalesi simo futhi ubeke izinto eziza kuqala embonini, i-Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (I-AEMPS) ukhiphe umbiko wakamuva wonyaka weKomidi Lokutholakala Kwemithi Yezilwane (I-CODI-VET), okwengeza kweminye imisebenzi ku- ukufinyelela kanye nokuphepha kwemithiLo mbhalo ubuyekeza ngokuhlelekile i- izikhala zokwelapha emithini yezilwane kanye nezinye izidingo eziphuthumayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokumaketha kwemikhiqizo emisha evala lezi zikhala.
Imephu enemininingwane yezikhala zokwelapha ngezinhlobo zezilwane
Umbiko we-CODI-VET awugxili kokujwayelekile, kodwa kunalokho uhlukanisa ukushiyeka kwamaqembu amakhulu ezilwane. Ukuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa izinja, amakati nonogwaja njengezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi uyaqhubeka ukufuywa kwezinyosi, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, izinyoni, ezelusayo, izingulube, izinkomo, amahhashi kanye nezinhlobo zasendle. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ukuhlonza okunembayo kwezindawo lapho ukutholakala kwemithi kunqunyelwe khona kakhulu.
Inhlosongqangi ukuthi imboni ibe nesithombe esicacile nge Izidingo ze-prophylactic, zokwelapha, i-hormonal kanye nokuxilonga akukahlanganiswa. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, inhloso iwukuba amalabhorethri abeke phambili imigqa yomsebenzi lapho umthelela wezempilo uphezulu, kodwa imakethe incane noma iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukutshalwa kwezimali akubonakali kangako ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwangaphambili, ikakhulukazi uma izici ezifana intengo yereferensi balungisa imakethe.
Lo mbhalo, ofinyeleleka esidlangalaleni ngewebhusayithi ye-AEMPS, usuphenduke ithuluzi lokubhekisela kubaphathi, ochwepheshe bezilwane kanye nezinkampani, njengoba ufingqa yonke into ngombhalo owodwa. ukushoda okukhulu kwemithi yezilwane ngezinhlobo nangezinhlobo ze-pathology.
Izilwane ezifuywayo: izinja namakati zibhekene nokutholakala okunganele
Esigabeni esinikezelwe kumngane wezilwane, i-CODI-VET iphawula lokho Izinja namakati Basadinga izinhlobonhlobo zemithi ebalulekile engatholakali okwamanje ekwenziweni okudingekayo noma izinkomba ezidingekayo. Lena akuyona nje imikhiqizo ekhethekile kakhulu, kodwa imithi esetshenziswa nsuku zonke emisebenzini yezilwane.
Phakathi kwamaphutha amakhulu, umbiko ukhuluma ngokuntuleka okuthile imishanguzo ye-ophthalmic, ama-antiviral, nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID)kanye nokushoda kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze isetshenziswe emthanjeni kanye nama-ejenti okuxilonga ajwayele lezi zinhlobo. Lezi zikhala zenza kube nzima ukuphatha ama-pathologies ajwayelekile, kusukela ekuthelelekeni kwamehlo okungamahlalakhona kuya ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphefumula noma zokugaya ukudla.
Isimo ku-oncology yezilwane sibucayi kakhulu. I-CODI-VET igqamisa isidingo soku i-antineoplastic ethile yokusetshenziswa ngomlomo, ngaphansi kwesikhumba kanye ne-intravenousUkuntuleka kwezinketho ezibhalisiwe ngokuvamile kusiphoqa ukuthi siphendukele ekuguquleni imithi ukuze isetshenziswe abantu, nezinselele lokhu okuzibandakanyayo mayelana nokuphepha, umthamo kanye nesibopho esingokomthetho.
Umbiko uphinde uveze amaphutha ku izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic ezihloselwe ukuphatha ukwesaba nokukhathazekaAma-analgesics anamandla aphezulu, izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-asthmatic, nemithi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yezimo ezingamahlalakhona. Kodokotela bezilwane basemtholampilo, lokhu kumelela umkhawulo olinganiselwe wokwazi ukulawuleka, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezinkinga noma lezo ezidinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.
Ukufuya onogwaja, ukufuywa kwezinyosi kanye nezilwane zasemanzini: imikhakha enezikhala ezinkulu
Emkhakheni wokufuya onogwaja kanye nokunakekela onogwaja abafuywayoUmbiko uqokomisa ukungabikho kwama-antibiotic amaningana athathwa njengebalulekile, njengama-penicillin asebenza isikhathi eside noma ama-macrolide athile. Lesi simo sihlanganiswa nokushoda kwe ama-antiparasites angaphakathi nangaphandle ejwayelene ngqo nezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nemithi yokugoma izifo ezibalulekile ezifana ne-coccidiosis noma i-rabbit epizootic enteropathy.
Mayelana ne ukufuywa kwezinyosiI-CODI-VET isiphinde yagxila entuleni yezinye izindlela zokwelapha I-Varroa destructorI-parasite isengenye yezitha eziyinhloko zezidleke zezinyosi, futhi umbiko ubheka ukutholakala kwezithako ezintsha ezisebenzayo ezivumela [i-parasite] njengento ehamba phambili. Zungezisa izindlela zokwelapha futhi unciphise ingozi yokungazweliKuye kwatholakala nezikhala emithini yokulwa nayo Nosema spp., I-Paenibacillus izibungu kanye namagciwane athile athinta izinyosi.
La aquaculture Kubonakala, futhi, njengomunye wemikhakha eshoda kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Lo mbhalo uchaza ukushoda kwemithi elwa namagciwane elwa nama-protozoa, ama-monogeneans, nama-arthropods ezinhlanzini, kanye ukushoda kwama-antimicrobial afanelekile kanye namafomu emithi avunyelaniswe nezimo zepulazi (isb., ama-premix, okugeza noma imithi yokwelapha yokucwiliswa).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcizelelwa ukuphuthuma kokuba khona. imithi yokugomela izifo ezisafufusa ezinhlotsheni zasolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile, ecaphuna ama-agent afana I-Aeromonas salmonicidanodavirus I-Flavobacterium psychrophilum o I-Tenacibaculum spp.Ukungabikho kwalezi zinto eziphilayo akuthinti nje inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi, kodwa futhi nokusimama komnotho wamapulazi kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic.
Izinkukhu, izinkomo, izingulube kanye nezelusa ezincane: izidingo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izilwane
Esahlukweni esinikezelwe ku- izikhukhukazi ezizalelayoLo mbiko uhlonza ukwakhiwa kwemithi emisha yokulwa nezinambuzane ezilwa nezimbuzane ezibomvu njengento ehamba phambili, inkathazo ebangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu nezinkinga zezenhlalakahle. Iphinde ibize... Imithi yokwelapha enezimpawu zemvelaphi engeyona yezitshalo ezimweni zokuphefumulakanye nemithi yokugoma eqondise ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namathumbu eziqhubeka nokuqubuka emapulazini.
Ku izinyoni zenyamaI-CODI-VET ihlonza ucwaningo lokugomela izifo ezifana ne-pasteurellosis, i-salmonellosis, ukutheleleka kwe-ORT, i-turkey hemorrhagic enteritis, kanye nama-adenovirus athile njengezindawo ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcizelela isidingo... Ezinye izindlela ze-colistin zokulawula izifo ezibangelwa E. coli, ngokuvumelana nezinqubo-mgomo zaseYurophu zokusebenzisa ngokuhlakanipha ama-antimicrobial.
Emkhakheni we izinkomoLo mbhalo uqokomisa ukushoda kwemithi elwa namagciwane yezifo ezifana ne-theileriosis kanye ne-neosporosis, kanye nesidingo sokwandisa uhla lwama-antimicrobial afanelekile alolu hlobo. Iphinde igcizelele ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa imithi yokugomela i-coccidia kanye ne-contagious nodular dermatosisngaphezu kwemithi yokugomela i-polyvalent ehlanganisa ama-serotypes angamboziwe kahle njengamanje, njenge-serotype 3.
El ingulube Lokhu kubonakala kuwudaba olubucayi kakhulu. I-CODI-VET ikubona njengokubalulekile ukwenza inqubekelaphambili Imithi yokugomela umaka we-DIVA ngokumelene ne-African Swine Fever kanye ne-Classical Swine FeverAmathuluzi abalulekile okuhlukanisa izilwane ezigonyiwe ezilwaneni ezithelelekile kuyashiwo futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphawulwa amagebe emithi elwa namagciwane ebalulekile kanye nemithi yokugomela [isifo esingashiwongo]. UBrucella ufilei-streptococci, Ascaris suis kanye ne-coronavirus ebangela isifo sohudo ezingulubeni.
En los ama-ruminants amancane (Izimvu nezimbuzi), lo mbiko ubiza izidakamizwa ze-antiparasitic ezinezakhiwo ezifanele lezi zinhlobo, ukutholakala okukhulu kwama-anticoccidials kanye nama-antimicrobials ezimweni zokuphefumula nokuzala, kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe imithi yokugomela isifo sokuphefumula kwe-ovine kanye ne-ovine I-Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, kanye nemithi yokugomela i-polyvalent ekwazi ukumboza inani elikhulu lama-serotypes ajikelezayo.
Izilwane zasendle kanye ne-equines: inselele yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane
Umbiko we-CODI-VET unikezela isigaba esithile ku izinhlobo zasendleLeli qembu, elivame ukunganakwa emasu okudala izidakamizwa, lidlala indima enkulu ekudluliselweni kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane zasendle, imfuyo kanye nabantu. Lokhu kugqamisa ukushoda kwe... Ama-sedative kanye nama-anesthetics afanele umjovo we-tele, ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuthwebula nokuphatha ngokuphephile izilwane ensimini.
Okunye okugqanyisiwe ukushoda kwemithi elwa namagciwane yangaphakathi neyangaphandle edingekayo ukuze kulawulwe izifo ezifanele ezilwaneni zasendle, kanye nesidingo semithi ethile yokugoma, isibonelo, leyo okuhloswe ngayo ukulawula isifo sofuba ezingulubeni zasendleLokhu kwakamuva kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izingulube zasendle zisebenza njengedamu, okunomthelela oqondile ekufuyweni kwezinkomo nempilo yomphakathi.
Ngokuqondene ne equidsI-CODI-VET iveza uhlu oluphelele lwemithi ebalulekile engakatholakali ngokwanele e-Spain. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-antimicrobial ane-spectrum ebanzi, ama-anti-inflammatories akhethiwe, imithi yokuphazamiseka kwesisu, ama-anticoagulant, nama-sedative aklanyelwe izidingo zamahhashi namanye ama-equines.
Lo mbhalo ubalula nokushoda kwemishanguzo yokwelapha izifo ezifana ne-theileriosis emahhashini, i-antineoplastics yokusetshenziswa kwe-topical kanye nesistimu ekwelapheni izimila zesikhumba namanye ama-neoplasms. Ukwengeza, kukhona ukushoda kwemithi yokugoma yokuvimbela izifo ezithile, njenge-equine viral arteritis, ehlala ikhathaza umkhakha wamahhashi.
Le nhlanganisela yezidingo ezilwaneni zasendle kanye ne-equines ayinamthelela hhayi kuphela enhlalakahleni yezilwane, kodwa futhi nakuwo ukuvimbela ama-zoonoses nasekuphepheni kwabantu abasebenza ngokuseduze nalezi zilwane, kusukela kodokotela bezilwane kuya kubasebenzi beziqiwi, emapulazini nasezikhungweni zokuhlenga.
Iqhaza le-CODI-VET ekwenzeni ngcono ukutholakala kwemithi yezilwane
Ngale kohlu lwamaphutha, umbiko ukhumbula isizathu sokuba khona kwe Ikomidi Lokutholakala Kwemithi YezilwaneI-CODI-VET iyindikimba ehlangene edidiyelwe ngaphakathi kwe-AEMPS inhloso yayo enkulu ingu ukukhuthaza kanye nokwenza lula ukutholakala kwemithi yezilwane kuzo zonke lezo zinhlobo lapho kunezikhala zokwelapha noma lapho, ngenxa yokuthi ziyizimakethe ezincane, azikho isithakazelo esanele sokuhweba sokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha.
Ukufeza lokhu, ikomidi likhuthaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezenzo: kusukela ku ukuhlonzwa kanye nokubekwa phambili kwezidingoNjengemininingwane yombiko wonyaka, lokhu kubandakanya ukwesekwa kocwaningo, ukuhlola, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imithi emisha ukuze kugcwaliswe lezi zikhala. Iphinde ikhuthaze ukubhaliswa kanye nokumakethwa kwemikhiqizo ezindaweni lapho, ngaphandle kwalokhu kusekelwa yisikhungo, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi yenzeke.
Umsebenzi we-CODI-VET uphinde wakhiwe ngaphakathi kwamasu ase-Europe emithi yezilwane, efuna ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukuvikela inhlalakahle yezilwane, kanye nesiqinisekiso sokukhiqiza imfuyo esimeme. Kulesi simo, i- izikhala zokwelapha emithini yezilwane Azibukwa nje kuphela njengenkinga yezempilo, kodwa futhi njengenselele yezomnotho nezempilo yomphakathi.
Yonke imibiko yekomidi, kuhlanganisa naleyo enikezelwe ezikhaleni zokwelapha nezinye izidingo ezibalulekile, kungaboniswana ngayo ku isigaba sokushicilelwa yemithi yezilwane kuwebhusayithi ye-AEMPS. Ukusuka lapho, ochwepheshe kanye nezinkampani bangafinyelela ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana nezinhlobo nezindawo zokwelapha, besebenzisa lolu lwazi njengesiqondiso sokwazisa izinqumo zabo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemiklamo emisha.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yi-CODI-VET sibonisa ukuthi, nakuba seyenziwe inqubekelaphambili ekutholakaleni kwemithi yokwelapha izinhlobo nezifo eziningi, Ukushiyeka okukhulu kusaqhubeka cishe kuwo wonke amaqembu ezilwaneUkubhekana nalezi zikhala zokwelapha kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa impilo nenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukuqinisa ukuphepha kokudla, nokunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane nabantu, ngakho-ke ulwazi olunikezwe umbiko luba umhlahlandlela owusizo wabo bobabili abaphathi kanye nemboni yezokwelapha yezilwane.