Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imithi yokwehlisa isisindo isuke ekubeni yindlela ekhethekile yaba yinto eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke. Imithi efana ne-Ozempic, i-Wegovy, ne-Mounjaro, esekelwe ezithakweni ezisebenzayo njenge-semaglutide ne-tirzepatide, ishintshe indlela okuxazululwa ngayo ukukhuluphala kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Lokhu kwelashwa kulingisa i-hormone yamathumbu elawula isifiso sokudla kanye nokwaneliseka, okusiza ukunciphisa ukudla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuholele ekunciphiseni isisindo okukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthandwa kwazo okwandayo kuye kwaphakamisa nemibuzo ebalulekile: Ingabe zisebenza kahle ngempela esikhathini eside? Iyini imiphumela yazo emibi? Futhi, muva nje, zingathonya yini eminye imikhuba efana nokuphuza utshwala? Ubufakazi besayensi obuqoqwe kuze kube manje bunikeza izimpendulo ezithile, yize imibuzo eminingi ingakaphendulwa.
Ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwe-GLP-1
Izifundo zezokwelapha zibonise ukuthi le mithi ibangela ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo kubantu abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Ukubuyekezwa kwamuva nje, okushicilelwe ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha elidumile, kuhlaziye izivivinyo ezilawulwayo ezingu-38 ezinabahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-25.000 futhi kwaphetha ngokuthi i-tirzepatide ifinyelela ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo , idlula ngisho ne-semaglutide kwezinye izimo. Ngokukhethekile, ukwehla kwesisindo okumaphakathi okuphakathi kuka-13% no-15% kubonwe ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo kakhulu, yize eminye imithi yokuhlola idlule u-20%.
Le miphumela iholele iziphathimandla zezempilo emazweni amaningana aseYurophu, njengeJalimane neSpain, ukuthi zivume ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala. Eqinisweni, iJalimane ibe yizwe lokuqala ukumaketha inguqulo yomlomo ye-Wegovy , yandisa izinketho ezitholakalayo ezigulini. Nakuba umjovo usalokhu uyindlela evame kakhulu yokuphathwa, iphilisi lansuku zonke linikeza enye indlela elula kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi , enempumelelo ephansi kancane kodwa ephawulekayo ngokulinganayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le mithi ayilona ikhambi eliyisimangaliso. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi kumele ihlanganiswe nokudla okulinganiselayo kanye nokuzivocavoca njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikezwa ikakhulukazi abantu abane-body mass index (BMI) abangaphezu kuka-30, noma kusukela ku-27 uma benezinkinga ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 noma i-sleep apnea.
Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-agonist e-GLP-1 receptor nawo awanazo imiphumela emibi. Okuvame kakhulu ukugaywa kwamathumbu: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa futhi zivame ukuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kwezinye izimo zingaba zimbi ngokwanele ukuthi isiguli siyeke ukwelashwa. Akuvamile ukuthi kubikwe i-pancreatitis ebukhali, ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas okungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Enye ingozi eye yadonsela ukunaka kweziphathimandla zezempilo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli sibe ne-hypoglycemia, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sizila ukudla isikhathi eside noma sihlanganisa umuthi neminye imithi. Kuye kwakhishwa nezixwayiso mayelana nengozi yokufuthwa kwamaphaphu ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa, njengoba le mithi inciphisa ukuphuma kwesisu. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukuyeka ukwelashwa amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okuhleliwe.
Emakethe efanayo, isimo sikhathaza kakhulu. Emazweni afana neBrazil, iziphathimandla zibambe izinkulungwane zamabhodlela ale mithi engeniswe ngokungekho emthethweni, evame ukugcinwa ezimweni ezinganele ezingashintsha ukwakheka kwayo. Nakuba lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu eLatin America, imikhiqizo mbumbulu noma engeniswe ngokungemthetho nayo itholakale eYurophu , okuholele izinhlangano zabathengi ukuba zixwayise ngezingozi zokuthola le mithi ngaphandle kweziteshi ezisemthethweni.
Umphumela ongalindelekile otshwaleni
Enye yezinto ezimangazayo kakhulu ezinyangeni zamuva nje ubudlelwano phakathi kwale mithi nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Iziguli eziningana zibike ukuthi, ngemva kokuqala i-semaglutide noma i-tirzepatide, azizizwa zifisa ukuphuza kakhulu nokuthi, uma seziphuza, zibekezelela utshwala kakhulu. Lo mphumela usekelwe yizifundo zokuqala eziphakamisa ukuthi ama-agonist e-GLP-1 receptor aguqula uhlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho, anciphise ukunxanela izinto ezifana notshwala noma i-nicotine.
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini elibukezwe ontanga kubonise ukuthi abantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala abathathe imithamo ephansi ye-semaglutide banciphise kakhulu izinsuku zokuphuza ngokweqile kanye nezifiso uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathole i-placebo. Olunye ucwaningo, olwenziwe ngenguqulo yomlomo , luthole imiphumela efanayo ngisho nakubantu ababengazami ukuyeka ukuphuza ngokuphelele. Nakuba ubufakazi busalinganiselwe, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le mithi ingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokwelapha umlutha.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke iziguli ezibhekana nalo mphumela. Abanye babika ukuthi ubudlelwano babo notshwala abushintshanga, kanti abanye bathi ukuphuza utshwala kubenza babe nesicanucanu noma kubangela umuzwa ongakhululekile wokusinda. Kunoma ikuphi, ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile ngenkathi bethola ukwelashwa , njengoba kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi futhi kubeke engcupheni imiphumela yokwehlisa isisindo.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi le mithi ingamathuluzi okwelapha izifo ezingamahlalakhona, akuyona indlela emfushane yokufinyelela umzimba ophelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kugadwe njalo uchwepheshe wezempilo, futhi noma yisiphi isinqumo sokuqala noma sokumisa ukwelashwa kufanele senziwe ngokomuntu ngamunye. Isayensi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo sizobona izinguqulo ezintsha, inhlanganisela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwale mithi, kodwa njalo ukuphepha kwesiguli kuyinto eza kuqala.
