La ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 Sekuyiyona nto eza kuqala kwi-endocrinology yezingane, njengoba ivumela ukutholakala kwezimpawu ezingathi sÃna kusenesikhathi futhi inciphisa izinkinga ezingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Isetshenziswa emazweni ahlukahlukene. izinhlelo zokuhlola ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi izingane ezinezihlobo eziseduze ezinalesi sifo.
Lolu hlobo lwesinyathelo luncike ku- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuhlonza ama-autoantibodies okuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic beta, anesibopho sokukhiqiza i-insulin. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthi ingane iqala inqubo yokuzivikela komzimba ngisho noma isagcina amazinga kashukela ajwayelekile futhi ingakabi ne-hyperglycemia ecacile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autoantibody: indlela okusebenza ngayo ukuhlolwa
Izinhlelo zokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zisekelwe ku- ukuhlolwa kwama-autoantibodies athile Lawa ma-antibodies asebenza njengezimpawu zokubhujiswa okuqhubekayo kwamaseli eziqhingini zaseLangerhans. Isampula yegazi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukukala ama-autoantibodies ayinhloko ahlobene nalesi sifo.
Lawa ma-autoantibodies, empeleni, aluhlobo oluthile isignali ye-alamu yesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela komzimbaLawa ma-autoantibodies abonisa ukuthi umzimba usuqalile ukuhlasela amaseli e-pancreatic beta abangela ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Nakuba inqubo yokubhujiswa ingahlala izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, lapho kutholakala ama-autoantibodies amaningana amahle, ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esikhathini esimaphakathi iphezulu.
Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuhlaziya kulele eqinisweni lokuthi Ivumela lesi sifo ukuthi sitholakale ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu.Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba usenamangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin anele ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ajwayelekile. Kuleli qophelo, ingane ingase izizwe kahle futhi ingabi nazimpawu ezibonakalayo, kodwa uhlelo lwezempilo lunesikhathi sokuhlela ukulandelela kanye nemfundo yesifo sikashukela.
Ngenxa yaleli thuba, amaqembu ezingane ezinesifo sikashukela angalungiselela imindeni kusenesikhathi. ukuvimbela ukuthintana kokuqala nalesi sifo ekubeni yisimo esiphuthumayo esingathi sÃna kanye nokuncipha kwe-metabolic kanye nesidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kulindela kwenza umehluko omkhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuxilongwa kanye nokubikezela kwesikhathi eside.
Izingane ezisengozini enkulu: abafowabo nodadewabo beziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Elinye lamasu asakazeke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuhlola ukugxila ku- izihlobo zezinga lokuqala kwezingane esezitholakale zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ikakhulukazi izingane zakubo. Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisile ukuthi lezi zingane zisengozini enkulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu yokuthola lesi sifo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaningi.
Ngokubeka leli qembu phambili, izinsizakalo ze-endocrinology yezingane ziyafeza ukuthuthukisa izinsiza futhi kwandise amathuba okuthola amacala esigabeni sokuthulaEmpeleni, ukuhlolwa kwe-autoantibody kunikezwa izingane zakubo zeziguli esezelashwa kakade emitholampilo yesifo sikashukela sezingane, ngendlela ehlelekile nekhululekile ezikhungweni eziningi.
Uma ingane engenazo izimpawu ihlolwa ukuthi ine-autoantibodies, kubhekwa ukuthi isesigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, noma ngabe i-hyperglycemia ecacile ingakabonakali. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, kuklanywa uhlelo lokwelapha. uhlelo lokulandelela olulungisiwe ngokweminyaka yabo, isimo sabo sezokwelapha kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziya, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwa njalo ukuze kuqashwe ukuvela.
Uma, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izivivinyo zibonisa ukuwohloka kokulawulwa kwe-metabolic noma ukwehla okucacile kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, iqembu lingase lihambe ukulungisa imvamisa yokubuyekezwa, ukunikeza imfundo ejulile nokulungiselela ukuqala kokwelashwa nge-insulin ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinkinga ezinkulu.
Izinzuzo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nokutholwa sekwephuzile
Ukuhlonza isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngaphambi kokuba sivele ngokuzumayo kune- umthelela oqondile empilweni kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila yezingane nemindeni yazo. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa izigameko ze-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, ukuncipha okukhulu okuvame ukudinga ukwamukelwa ekunakekelweni okujulile.
Emazweni amaningi, kusabonakala ukuthi phakathi kuka-30% no-70% wezingane ziba ne-ketoacidosis ekuqaleni, okubonisa i- ukuxilongwa sekwephuzile kanye nokungazi izimpawu zokuqalaUma ukuhlangana kokuqala nesifo sikashukela kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esibhedlela, umthelela ongokomzwelo uvame ukuba phezulu kakhulu futhi ukuphathwa okulandelayo kuba nzima kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, izinhlelo zokuhlola zivumela ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi. kancane kancane, kube nezinkinga ezimbalwa kanye nesidingo esincane sokulaliswa esibhedlelaKusukela ekuqaleni, umsebenzi ungenziwa ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa okuhle kwe-metabolic, kokubili ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kanye nesikhathi eside, okusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihambisana ne-hyperglycemia eqhubekayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi isikhathi esitholwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele i-hyperglycemia emtholampilo sisetshenziswa ukunikeza Imindeni ifunda ukuqaphela izimpawu, ukuhumusha amazinga kashukela egazini, nokuphatha ukudla nokwelashwa, okunciphisa ukwesaba futhi kwenze kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nendlela entsha yokuphila uma sekuyisikhathi sokuqala i-insulin.
Ukusekelwa kwengqondo kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa imikhakha eyahlukene
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 akugcini nje ekuhlolweni kwegazi; ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yendlela ephelele. uhlelo oluphelele lokunakekela izingane lapho amaphrofayili ochwepheshe ahlukene ehlanganyela khona. La maqembu ahlanganisa odokotela bezingane, odokotela be-endocrinologists, ochwepheshe bezokudla, ochwepheshe bezengqondo, abasebenzi abangochwepheshe bobuhlengikazi, abafundisi besifo sikashukela, kanye nabasebenzi bezenhlalo.
Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ingane ine-autoantibodies noma isivele ingene esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, uhlelo lokusekela ngokwengqondo lwengane kanye nendawo ezungezileUmgomo ukunciphisa umthelela ongokomzwelo wokuxilongwa, ukuphendula imibuzo, nokuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi okubhekana nokuphila kwansuku zonke ngokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe walaba ochwepheshe uvumela ukuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sixazululwe ngezindlela eziningana: ukulawula umzimba, ukudla okunomsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuphathwa ngokomzwelo, kanye nokusekelwa komphakathiNgale ndlela, imindeni ayitholi nje kuphela ulwazi lwezokwelapha, kodwa futhi ithola nesiqondiso esiwusizo sendlela yokuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ohlelweni lwayo.
Njengoba ingane ikhula, lolu hlelo luzivumelanisa nezidingo ezintsha: imfundo iyaqiniswa ngesikhathi sobusha, ukuzimela ekuphathweni kwe-insulin kuyakhuthazwa, kanye ihambisana nezikhathi ezibalulekile njengezinguquko esigabeni sesikole noma imisebenzi yezemidlalo eqinile, njalo kutholakala kusenesikhathi njengendawo yokuqala yokubikezela okungcono.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1: kwenzekani emzimbeni
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela luyisifo uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni nasebusheniLesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ngokwawo ebhubhisa khona kancane kancane futhi ngokukhetha amaseli e-beta eziqhingini zeLangerhans kuma-pancreas, anesibopho sokukhiqiza i-insulin.
Le nqubo yokubhujiswa ayenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa; ingahlala izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, futhi isikhathi esiningi saleso sikhathi, Umzimba uyakwazi ukugcina amazinga eglucose abonakala ejwayelekileKodwa-ke, uma kusele amaseli aphilile angu-10% kuya ku-20% kuphela, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin akusanele, futhi izimpawu ezicacile ziqala ukuvela, njengokoma okukhulu, ukwanda kokuchama, ukukhathala okuphawulekayo, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha engenzeka... ukuphathwa kwe-insulin nsuku zonkeKodwa-ke, ngenxa yokutholakala kusenesikhathi ngama-autoantibodies, leli phuzu elibalulekile lingalindelwa, ukuqapha okuseduze kungahlelwa, futhi umndeni ungalungela ukuze ukuqala kokwelashwa nge-insulin kungafiki ngokuzumayo noma esimweni esiphuthumayo esikhulu.
Ukuqonda le ndlela yokuzivikela komzimba kusiza ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa: lapho uhlelo lokuthola ingane kusenesikhathi luhlonza ingane ezigabeni zokuqala, kuba ukungenelela esigabeni lapho i-pancreatic reserve isalokhu ikhonaLokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokulawulwa okungcono kwe-glycemic kanye nengozi ephansi yezinkinga eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuxilongwa.
Izinhlelo zokutholakala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zikhombisa ukuthi ukulindela ukuqala kwesifo, ukuhlonza izingane ezisengozini enkulu, kanye nokuzilandela, imfundo, kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo kunciphisa ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwesimo, kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwe-metabolic, futhi kwenza ukubhekana nalesi sifo kube lula emindenini. ukwenza ukuhlolwa kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lezempilo yomphakathi.